Research /Comparison between two countries/ HIV

Research Paper Outline

1. Introduction
2. HIV in Botswana
3. Botswana is one of the countries with the highest infections of HIV in the world.
4. HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana.
5. The most affected groupis women, and in particular, young women.
6. Understanding HIV prevalence in Botswana is essential in the development of preventive measures.
7. HIVPrevalence in Botswana
8. Statistics
9. According to UNAIDS (2019), approximately one in five people in Botswana are

positive for HIV and or have AIDS.

2. Women are disproportionately infected with HIV between the ages of 15-49 due to

early sexual encounters, both consensual, forced and prostitution (Avert, 2020).

3. According to Avert (2020), 298,000 adults in Botswana are receiving ART

yet half million people are infected.

4. According to CDC (2020), approximately half million people in United States are

receivingART, yet approximately 1 million people know they are infected.

5. One in 8 people (50,000) in the United States are unaware they are HIV positive

(CDC, 2020).

• Social Determinants of Health Affecting Botswana due to Widespread HIV

1. Definition of Social Determinants
2. Social Determinants Strongly Affect HIV Prevalence

1. Challenges women face in Botswana.
2. Gender inequality.
3. Lack of education.
5. Interventions that Address HIV/AIDS in Botswana
7. Increasing awareness of HIV.
8. Modes of transmission.
9. Risks associated with HIV.
10. Prevention and treatment.
13. Comparison of HIV in Botswana and the United States
14. The United States versus Botswana

1. Prevalence and infection rate.
2. In the United States, about 1.2 million people living with HIV (HIV.gov, 2020).
3. 69% of gay and bisexual men are affected in the United States (CDC, 2020).
4. Education and awareness.
5. Testing availability.
6. Quality of ART treatments.
7. About one in seven people in the USA have HIV than the one in three adults in Botswana who have HIV (Avert, 2020).
8. In America, men are mostly affected by the epidemic as opposed to females.
9. Comparisons of Proposed Interventions Between Botswana and the United States
10. Access to education and information regarding prevention and contraception.
11. Prevalence of testing facilities and accessibility.
12. Cost of treatment and therapies.

• The connection between Social Determinants of Health, HIV, and Interventions

1. HIV contributes to poverty levels due to the illness, inability to work, and the lack

of healthcare access.

1. Botswana is a patriarchal society that increase gender inequality for women, leaving them socioeconomically disadvantaged in testing and treating HIV.

• Conclusion

1. HIV remains an epidemic in Botswana, yet HIV infection is better managed in

theUnited States.

2. Factors contributing to HIV in Botswana are lack of education lack of adequate testing, lack of contraception, risky behaviors including multiple partners, adolescent sexual activity and forced sexual encounters.
3. Health care reform to increase prevention measures.
4. Creating awareness will help individuals to change their behaviors.
5. Empowering women will allow them to discuss and air their preferences regarding sexual relations.

References

Avert Organization (2020). Hiv and aids in botswana.

https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/subsaharan-africa/botswana

HIV.gov. (2020). Fast facts. U.S. Statistics.

https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/stastiscs

World Health Organization. (2020). Social determinants of health.

https://www.who.int/socialdeterminantsdefinition/en/

World Health Organization. (2018). WHO country cooperation strategy at a glance:

Botswana.https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/136997/ccsbrief bwa enpd

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). HIV in the united states and dependent.

https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/index.htm

Centers for Disease Control. (2020). Cdc fact sheet.

https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/docs/factsheets/todaysepidemic-508.pdf

UNAIDS. (2019). UNAIDS data.

https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2019/2019-UNAIDS-data